Broad Bean Coles Dwarf

Growing Conditions

Climate:

• Broad beans thrive in Mediterranean climates, characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.
• Ideal temperatures for growth range from 6°C to 24°C .
• They are hardy and can tolerate frost but grow best before temperatures exceed 30°C.

Best Time to Plant:

• Autumn Planting: In temperate regions, you can sow seeds from late April to early May.
• Spring Planting: In cooler areas, sow from July through September.

Soil Preparation

Choosing a Site:

• Select a site with full sun exposure for at least 6 hours a day.
• Well-drained soil is crucial to prevent root rot.

Soil Type:

• Broad beans prefer loamy soil rich in organic matter but will tolerate various soil types.
• Test pH levels; broad beans perform best in slightly alkaline to neutral soil (pH 6.0 to 7.0).

Preparation Steps:

• Clear the area of weeds and debris.
• Enrich the soil by mixing in compost or well-rotted manure a few weeks before planting.
• If the soil is heavy clay, consider adding sand or perlite to enhance drainage.

Planting Instructions

Sowing Seeds:

• Plant seeds about 1 cm deep, spaced 20 cm apart, with rows 20 cm apart.
• For optimal growth, soak seeds in water for a few hours before planting to encourage germination.

Watering:

• Water the seeds thoroughly after planting and maintain consistent moisture until seedlings establish.
• Avoid overwatering, as broad beans do not thrive in waterlogged conditions.

Maintenance

Watering:

• Keep the soil evenly moist, especially during flowering and pod-setting since stress during this period can reduce yield.
• Mulching can help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.

Fertilisation:

• Broad beans are nitrogen-fixing plants; therefore, they require less nitrogen fertiliser.
• You can use a balanced organic fertiliser or compost if the soil lacks nutrients.

Support and Staking:

• Taller varieties may require staking to prevent wind damage and improve air circulation.
• Use bamboo stakes or garden twine to support plants as needed.

Pest and Disease Management:

• Common pests include aphids, which can be managed by introducing beneficial insects (like ladybirds) or using neem oil.
• Check for diseases like chocolate spot and downy mildew.
• Ensure good air circulation and avoid wet foliage to prevent these issues.

Harvesting

Timing:

• Broad beans are typically ready for harvest 3-4 months after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
• The best time to harvest is when the pods are plump but before they become overly tough and fibrous.

Harvesting Technique:

• Snap off the pods gently when they reach the desired size. If harvesting for seeds, leave the pods on the plant until they dry out a bit and turn brown.

Companion Planting

Beneficial Companions:

• Cabbage Family (Brassicas): Helps deter aphids, benefiting crops such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower.
• Carrots: These plants occupy different root zones and can be interplanted without competition.
• Beets: Both plants benefit from each other’s growth patterns and utilize the soil’s nutrients efficiently.
• Corn: Planting corn alongside broad beans can provide structural support for climbing varieties.
• Dill and Mint: These herbs attract beneficial pollinators and predators that help control pest populations.
• Sage: An aromatic herb that can enhance the flavour of beans and deter pests.

Plants to Avoid:

• Onions and Garlic: These can stunt the growth of broad beans due to their high sulphur content.
• Potatoes: Can compete for nutrients and may harbor similar pests.